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| | header1 = Layer Info | | | header1 = Layer Info |
| | label2 = Category | data2 = Management | | | label2 = Category | data2 = Management |
| | label3 = Sub-category | data3 = Environmental conditions | | | label3 = Sub-category | data3 = [[Categories_and_Layers#tab=Environmental_conditions|Environmental conditions]] |
| | label4 = Editable | No | | | label4 = Editable | No |
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| }} | | }} |
| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
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| The sediments layer portrays the type of sea floor you can find in the sea area. | | The sediments layer portrays the type of sea floor you can find in the sea area. |
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| ==MSP Challenge== | | ==MSP Challenge== |
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| | The sediments layer is a static layer, it can help in decision making to plan for wind farms or other structures fixed to the sea floor. It can also assist in identifying potentially important areas for protection. |
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| | | Return to [[Categories and Layers#tab=Environmental conditions|environmental conditions]]. |
| The sediments layer is a static layer, it can help in decision making to plan for wind farms or other structures fixed to the sea floor. It can also assist in identifying potentially important areas for protection.
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| =North Sea= | | =North Sea= |
| In this tab you can see the information that applies concretely to the North Sea edition of the MSP Challenge. | | In this tab you can see the information that applies concretely to the North Sea edition of the MSP Challenge. |
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| | The sediment layer retrieved from Emodnet shows the type of sediment found on the seafloor. Most categories or sediments will be based on the grain size of the sediment present, and whenever this cannot be retrieved, the category "sediment" is used. In addition, whenever a species or group of species covers the sediment, it will be categorised as a habitat. For instance, 'Mytilus edulis beds' is used when beds formed by Mytilys edulis are present; but when several species are present, the type used is more general as in 'mussel beds'. For more information, please refer to the types below. |
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| ==Types== | | ==Types== |
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| ===== [[Biogenic substrate]] =====
| | * [[Biogenic substrate]] |
| coming soon
| | * [[Coarse substrate]] |
| | | * [[Fine mud]] |
| ===== Coarse substrate =====
| | * [[Fine mud or Sandy mud or Muddy sand]] |
| Coming soon
| | * [[Limaria hians beds]] |
| | | * [[Mixed sediment]] |
| ===== Fine mud =====
| | * [[Modiolus modiolus beds]] |
| Coming soon
| | * [[Muddy sand]] |
| | | * [[Mussel beds]] |
| ===== Fine mud or Sandy mud or Muddy sand =====
| | * [[Mytilus edulis beds]] |
| Coming soon
| | * [[Ostrea edulis beds]] |
| | | * Rock or other hard substrata |
| ===== Limaria hians beds =====
| | * [[Sabellaria spinulosa reefs]] |
| Common name: Flame shells
| | * [[Sand]] |
| | | * [[Sandy mud]] |
| "This habitat has a restricted distribution in the North East Atlantic Region, with current known records confined to the west coast of Scotland and one sea lough in Ireland. There are no long term (>50 year) data sets, but more recent studies show that several known beds in Scotland have declined in extent and density of L. hians individuals since first studied in the late 1970's. In Ireland, the dense L. hians beds in Mulroy Bay reported in 1995 are no longer present in the southern section. Because of the decline in quantity and quality of this habitat in recent years, together with its narrow geographical distribution and the continuing threats, this habitat has been assessed as Vulnerable."
| | * Sea bed |
| | | * [[Sediment]] |
| "Flame shell beds are likely to be sensitive to substratum loss, smothering, increased wave action, changes in water flow, physical disturbance, synthetic contaminants, increased nutrients, decreased salinity, and extraction. Flame shell beds are highly vulnerable to seabed trawling and dredging, evidence of this is found in the destruction of the once large beds in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. Other threats include coastal developments and coastal defences, disturbance by mooring chains and anchors and contamination by Tributyl Tin (TBT) a component of antifouling paint."
| | * [[Worm reefs]] |
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| Source: European Red List of Habitats - Marine Habitat Group. (2015). Retrieved from [https://projects.eionet.europa.eu/european-red-list-habitats/library/marine-habitats/sample-level-5-assessments/north-east-atlantic-level-5 European Environment Information and Observation Network], accessed on 2021-11-10.
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| ===== Mixed sediment =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Modiolus modiolus beds =====
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| Common name: Horse Mussel
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| "The horse mussel Modiolus modiolus forms dense beds, at depths up to 70 m (but may extend onto the lower shore), mostly in fully saline conditions and often in tide-swept areas. Although M.modiolus is a widespread and common species, horse mussel beds (with typically 30% cover or more) are more limited in their distribution. M.modiolus beds are found on a range of substrata, from cobbles through to muddy gravels and sands, where they tend to have a stabilising effect, due to the production of byssal threads." OSPAR Comission (2009).
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| "As M.modiolus is an Arctic-Boreal species, its distribution ranges from the seas around Scandinavia (including Skagerrak & Kattegat) and Iceland south to the Bay of Biscay." OSPAR Comission (2008).
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| "Nomination of M.modiolus beds to be placed on the OSPAR list cited sensitivity, ecological significance and decline with information also provided on threat. The nomination was for all OSPAR regions." OSPAR Comission (2008)
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| "The main threat to Modiolus beds is from fishing, particularly using trawls and dredges, which damage both the Modiolus and associated epibenthic species." OSPAR Comission (2008)
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| "Modiolus beds are also likely to be badly damaged by other physical impacts such as aggregate extraction, trenching and pipe/cable-laying, dumping of spoil/cuttings or use of jack-up drilling rigs." OSPAR Comission (2008)
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| Sources:
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| "Case Reports for the OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats". OSPAR Commission (2008). Retrieved from https://www.ospar.org/site/assets/files/44271/horse_mussel_beds.pdf accessed on 2022-02-10.
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| "Background Document for Modiolus modiolus beds". OSPAR Commission (2009). Retrieved from https://www.ospar.org/documents?v=7193, accessed on 2022-02-10.
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| For more information please refer to the original document cited.
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| ===== Muddy sand =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Mussel beds =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Mytilus edulis beds =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Ostrea edulis beds =====
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| "Natural stocks of flat oyster Ostrea edulis, and naturally occurring beds of O. edulis are known to have been more abundant and widespread in the 18th and 19th centuries with large offshore oyster grounds in the southern North Sea, the English Channel, the Irish Sea and off the southwest to north-west coasts of Ireland. OSPAR has listed O. edulis and O. edulis beds as threatened and/or declining in all regions where they occur. In the Wadden Sea, oyster beds are resently considered to be ‘critical’ (under immediate threat of extinction) and have therefore been added to a Red List of macrofaunal benthic invertebrates for the area. There is currently insufficient information, however, to determine the true distribution and extent of the habitat throughout the North East Atlantic region."
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| "During the 20th century, the occurrence of O. edulis beds in European waters has declined, largely due to excessive harvesting and disease outbreaks. O. edulis beds are also sensitive to a wide range of pressures, such as: substratum loss, smothering, decrease in temperature, increase in wave exposure, increased water flow, abrasion and physical disturbance, synthetic compound contamination, introduction of microbial pathogens/parasites, heavy metal contamination, changes in oxygenation, introduction of nonnative species and harvesting."
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| Source:
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| "European Red List of Habitats", Marine Habitat Group (2016). Retrieved from https://projects.eionet.europa.eu/european-red-list-habitats/library/marine-habitats/sample-level-5-assessments/north-east-atlantic-level-5, accessed on 2022-02-10.
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| For more information please refer to the original document cited..
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| ===== Rock or other hard substrata =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Sabellaria spinulosa reefs =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Sand =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Sandy mud =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Sea bed =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Sediment =====
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| coming soon
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| ===== Worm reefs =====
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| coming soon
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| ==Metadata== | | ==Metadata== |
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| ===Methodology=== | | ===Methodology=== |
| The geometries within the North Sea areas were selected and values were attributed to each sediment type present in the area. Then the attributes values were used to rasterise the data. The raster data layer was then reprojected to Lambert's Azimuthal Equal Area (EPSG:3035) projection. | | The geometries within the North Sea areas were selected and values were attributed to each sediment type present in the area. Then the attributes values were used to rasterise the data. The raster data layer was then reprojected to Lambert's Azimuthal Equal Area (EPSG:3035) projection. |
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| | == North Sea Digital Twin Edition == |
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| | === Description === |
| | In the North Sea Digitial Twin Edition, the sediments layer is retrieved from Emodnet. The name of the layer is 'Seabed Substrates 1:1M' and represent the different types of sediments to be found on the seabed. |
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| | The map is collated from data from Partners and generalized data at smaller scales. Where necessary, the existing substrate classifications (of individual maps) have been translated to a scheme that is supported by EUNIS. This EMODnet reclassification scheme consists of altogether five seabed substrate classes. Four substrate classes are defined on the basis of the modified Folk triangle (mud to sandy mud; sand; coarse sediment; and mixed sediment) and one additional substrate class (rock and boulders) was included by the project team. |
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| | The seabed substrate maps were produced March 2019. The sedimentation rates April 2021. The maps are updated automatically through an [https://drive.emodnet-geology.eu/geoserver/gtk/wms WMS] connection with Emodnet. |
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| =Baltic Sea= | | =Baltic Sea= |
| | In this tab you can see the information that applies concretely to the Baltic Sea edition of the MSP Challenge. |
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| ==Types== | | ==Types== |
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| ==Metadata== | | ==Metadata== |
| ===Data Source=== | | ===Data Source=== |
| Enter data source for Baltic Sea here.
| | DHI, EuSeaMap, BALANCE, retrieved from HELCOM on 2017-10-09. |
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| ===Original Title=== | | ===Original Title=== |
| Enter name of the layer at the Baltic Sea source.
| | Seabed sediment polygon (BALANCE) |
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| ===Description=== | | ===Description=== |
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| Description retrieved from [https://maps.helcom.fi/website/mapservice/ HELCOM]'s metadata page for this resource (2021-07-19) | | Description retrieved from [https://maps.helcom.fi/website/mapservice/ HELCOM]'s metadata page for this resource (2021-07-19) |
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| ===Creation Date=== | | ===Creation Date=== |
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| ===Methodology=== | | ===Methodology=== |
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| This layer was adapted for MSP Challenge integration. The photic and non-photic zones were merged to obtain just the sediments' classes: sand, mud and clay , and hard bottom. | | This layer was adapted for MSP Challenge integration. The photic and non-photic zones were merged to obtain just the sediments' classes: sand, mud and clay, and hard bottom. |
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| | == Western Baltic Sea == |
| | The sediments layer in the Western Baltic Sea Edition remains consistent with that featured in the Baltic Sea edition. |
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| =Clyde Marine Region= | | =Clyde Marine Region= |
| | Not applicable. |
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| ==Types==
| | This layer is not available in the Clyde Marine Region Edition. |
| Clyde Marine Region types here
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| ==Metadata==
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| ===Data Source===
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| Enter data source for Clyde Marine Region here.
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| ===Original Title===
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| Enter name of the layer at the Clyde Marine Region source.
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| ===Description===
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| Enter the description of the Clyde Marine Region dataset here.
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| ===Creation Date===
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| yyyy-mm-dd Clyde Marine Region
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| ===Methodology===
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| Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Clyde Marine Region Edition.
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| =Adriatic Sea= | | =Adriatic Sea= |
| | Not applicable. |
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| ==Types==
| | This layer is not available in the Adriatic Sea Edition. |
| Adriatic Sea types here | |
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| ==Metadata== | | =Eastern Mediterranean Sea = |
| ===Data Source===
| | Not applicable. |
| Enter data source for Adriatic Sea here.
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| ===Original Title=== | |
| Enter name of the layer at the Adriatic Sea source.
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| ===Description===
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| Enter the description of the Adriatic Sea dataset here.
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| ===Creation Date===
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| yyyy-mm-dd Adriatic Sea
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| ===Methodology===
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| Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.
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| <headertabs/> | | This layer is not present in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.<headertabs/> |
Co-funded by the European Union.