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<small>@Wikipedia</small>
<small>@Wikipedia</small>
Wind farms can be combined with solar panels. One study by [https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080576 López, Rodriguez & Iglesias (2020)] concerned the sea area north of Asturias, Spain (more or less the Spanish area in the Bay of Biscay) and concluded that the density of a combined wind and solar farm would be about 57.5 MW per km2.


==MSP Challenge==
==MSP Challenge==
Line 33: Line 35:
* [[Bottom Disturbace]] during construction only
* [[Bottom Disturbace]] during construction only


Wind farms disallow all the [[Bottom Trawl Catch|bottom trawl]], and [[Industrial and Pelagic Trawl Catch|industrial and pelagic trawl fishing]] fleets. [[Drift and Fixed Nets Catch|Drift and fixed nets]] fleets are only disallowed during construction.


Return to [[Categories and Layers#tab=Energy|energy]].
=North Sea=
=North Sea=
   
   
==Types==
===Placement Restrictions===
The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:
 
Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitation.
 
Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!||Error||Warning
|-
|Country|| ||x
|-
|Shipping Lane||x||
|-
|IMO Route||x||
|-
|Port||x||
|-
|Precautionary area|| ||x
|-
|Anchorage||x||
|-
|Oil and gas platform||x||
|-
|Natura 2000|| ||x
|-
|Bathymetry (> 60m)||x||
|-
|Fishing priority area|| ||x
|}
 
===Types===
 
* 6MW
* 6MW
* 6MW Floating Wind
* 6MW floating
 
===Pressure on Ecology===
The ecological pressures are scaled on a level from 0 to 1; with 0 meaning no pressure, and 1 meaning the maximal impact on that pressure.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!State||Artificial Substrate||Noise||Surface Disturbance||Bottom Disturbance
|-
|Under construction||0||1||0.5||0.8
|-
|In production||0.3||0.2||0.2||0
|}
 
 
Wind farms disallow all the [[Bottom Trawl Catch|bottom trawl]], and [[Industrial and Pelagic Trawl Catch|industrial and pelagic trawl fishing]] fleets. [[Drift and Fixed Nets Catch|Drift and fixed nets]] fleets are only disallowed during construction.


==Metadata==
===Metadata===
===Data Source===


Adapted from https://odims.ospar.org/odims_data_files/ and merged with existing wind parks from NL: https://www.noordzeeloket.nl/en/up-date-atlas/
====='''Data Source'''=====
The source of existing wind parks in The Netherlands has been updated for the Dutch EEZ according to data from the [https://geoservices.rijkswaterstaat.nl/apps/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/1ddc2091-243f-4457-bc90-429f865ef72c Rijkswaterstaat], retrieved on 2020-02. For the rest of the North Sea area the source is [https://odims.ospar.org/odims_data_files/ OSPAR].


===Original Title===
=====Original Title=====
From rijkswaterstaat: Aangewezen windgebieden NWP


===Description===
From OSPAR: Not available.


Details of the location and status of offshore renewable energy developments in the OSPAR region, combined with details from the Noordzeeloket for the Dutch EEZ (The last dataset is made from supplied and verified information from developers, after which these are recorded in permits).
=====Description=====
From rijkswaterstaat: Not available.


===Creation Date===
From OSPAR: Details of the location and status of offshore renewable energy developments in the OSPAR region,


2017/10
=====Creation Date=====
2017/10. Updated on 2020-02.


===== Methodology =====
The wind farms that are in operation were implemented in the energy simulation as such.


===Methodology===
== North Sea Digital Twin ==
The data layer 'Wind Farms - Implemented" is retrieved from [https://geo.rijkswaterstaat.nl/arcgis/rest/services/GDR/nwp_structuurvisiekaart_noordzee/FeatureServer/29 Rijkswaterstaat], last updated implemented 07/2024. 


=Baltic Sea=
=Baltic Sea=
In the Baltic Sea, the development of renewable energy is focused on wind farms. For the sake of allowing users to plan for different types of renewable energy in the Baltic Sea, the renewable energy accounts for wind, wave and tidal energy (see types below).


==Types==
==== Types ====
* 6MW Wind
At the moment in the Baltic Sea there are only 6MW wind turbines, but the following types are available for planning purposes:
*6MW Wind
* 6MW Floating Wind
* 6MW Floating Wind
* 10MW Wind
* 10MW Wind
Line 70: Line 126:
* 3MW Tidal
* 3MW Tidal


==Metadata==
==== Placement Restrictions ====
===Data Source===
The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:


Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.
Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!||Error||Warning
|-
|Country|| ||x
|-
|Shipping National Lane||x||
|-
|Fairways||x||
|-
|IMO Route||x||
|}
===Pressure on Ecology===
The ecological pressures are scaled on a level from 0 to 1; with 0 meaning no pressure, and 1 meaning the maximal impact on that pressure.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!State||Artificial Substrate||Noise||Surface Disturbance||Bottom Disturbance
|-
|Under construction|| ||1||0.5||0.8
|-
|In production||0.4||0.2||0.2||0
|}
=== Data Source ===
HELCOM HOLAS II Dataset: Wind farms (2018)
HELCOM HOLAS II Dataset: Wind farms (2018)


===Original Title===
=== Original Title ===
 
Wind farms
Wind farms


===Description===
=== Description ===
 
"The data set contains information on the location of individual turbines of the offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea area.
"The data set contains information on the location of individual turbines of the offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea area.


In addition to information on the location of the wind farms, the following information is included: Name, Country, Status (Generating power or under construction), Company, Capacity MW (whole park), number of turbines (whole park), construction year and source."
In addition to information on the location of the wind farms, the following information is included: Name, Country, Status (Generating power or under construction), Company, Capacity MW (whole park), number of turbines (whole park), construction year and source."


Description retrieved from [https://maps.helcom.fi/website/mapservice/ HELCOM]'s metadata page for this resource (2021-07-19).
Description retrieved from HELCOM's metadata page for this resource (2021-07-19).


===Creation Date===
=== Creation Date ===
2016-04-06


2016-04-06
=== Methodology ===
The wind farms that are in operation were implemented in the energy simulation as such.
==Western Baltic Sea==
The Wind Farms layer in the Western Baltic Sea Edition remains consistent with  that featured in the Baltic Sea edition.
=Clyde Region=
====Placement Restrictions====
The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:


===Methodology===
Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.


The layer was implemented without modifications.
Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.


=Clyde Marine Region=
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! ||Error||Warning
|-
|Shipping route|| x||
|}


==Types==
====Types====
None


==Metadata==
* 6MW
===Data Source===
Enter data source for Clyde Marine Region here.


===Original Title===
==== Pressure on Ecology ====
The ecological pressures are scaled on a level from 0 to 1; with 0 meaning no pressure, and 1 meaning the maximal impact on that pressure.


Enter name of the layer at the source.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!State||Artificial Substrate||Noise||Surface Disturbance||Bottom Disturbance
|-
|Under construction||0.4||0.8||0||0.6
|-
|In production||0.4||0.2||0.5||0
|}


===Description===
====Metadata====
Enter the description of the Clyde Marine Region dataset here.
Not applicable. At the moment of development of the Clyde Marine Region edition there were no wind farms in the region. This layer exists just for planning purposes.  


===Creation Date===
=Adriatic Sea=
yyyy-mm-dd Clyde Marine Region
====Placement Restrictions====
The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:


===Methodology===
Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.


Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge.
Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.


=Adriatic Sea=
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! ||Error||Warning
|-
|Shipping route|| x||
|}
====Types====


==Types==
* 6MW
* 6MW
* 6MW Floating Wind
* 6MW floating
====Pressure on Ecology====
Not applicable. Pressure calculation is not present in the Adriatic Sea Edition.


==Metadata==
====Metadata====
===Data Source===
Not applicable.  
Enter data source for Adriatic Sea here.


===Original Title===
At the moment of development of the Adriatic Sea edition there were no wind farms in the region. This layer exists just for planning purposes.


Enter name of the layer at the source.
= Eastern Mediterranean Sea=
====Placement Restrictions====
The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:


Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.


===Description===
Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.
Enter the description of the Adriatic Sea dataset here.


===Creation Date===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
yyyy-mm-dd Adriatic Sea
|-
! ||Error||Warning
|-
|Countries
|
|x
|-
|Shipping route|| x||
|-
|Ports
|x
|
|-
|Military areas
|
|x
|-
|Wind farms (already implemented)
|
|x
|}
====Types====


===Methodology===
* 6MW
 
* 6MW floating
Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge.
====Pressure on Ecology====
Not applicable. Pressure calculation is not present (yet) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.


====Metadata====
Not applicable.


<headertabs/>
At the moment of development of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea edition there were no wind farms in the region. This layer exists just for planning purposes.<headertabs />

Latest revision as of 08:33, 9 July 2024

Wind Farms
Wind Farm Example.jpg
Layer Info
Category Human Activities
Sub-category Energy
Energy Type Green
Editable Yes
Bathymetry Min 0m
Bathymetry Max -150m
Resource Wind Speed

Description

Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the use of wind farms constructed in bodies of water, usually in the ocean on the continental shelf, to harvest wind energy to generate electricity. Higher wind speeds are available offshore compared to on land, so offshore wind power’s contribution in terms of electricity supplied is higher, and NIMBY opposition to construction is usually much weaker. Unlike the typical usage of the term "offshore" in the marine industry, offshore wind power includes inshore water areas such as lakes, fjords and sheltered coastal areas, utilizing traditional fixed-bottom wind turbine technologies, as well as deeper-water areas utilizing floating wind turbines.

@Wikipedia

Wind farms can be combined with solar panels. One study by López, Rodriguez & Iglesias (2020) concerned the sea area north of Asturias, Spain (more or less the Spanish area in the Bay of Biscay) and concluded that the density of a combined wind and solar farm would be about 57.5 MW per km2.

MSP Challenge

Wind Farms are used to produce green energy, the production amount is calculated based on the maximum amount of energy that can be produced in the designated area.

Wind Farms are polygons, i.e., geometric shapes that you can draw in, edit or remove when making a plan. They create the following pressures on the ecosystem:


Return to energy.

Placement Restrictions

The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:

Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitation.

Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.

Error Warning
Country x
Shipping Lane x
IMO Route x
Port x
Precautionary area x
Anchorage x
Oil and gas platform x
Natura 2000 x
Bathymetry (> 60m) x
Fishing priority area x

Types

  • 6MW
  • 6MW floating

Pressure on Ecology

The ecological pressures are scaled on a level from 0 to 1; with 0 meaning no pressure, and 1 meaning the maximal impact on that pressure.

State Artificial Substrate Noise Surface Disturbance Bottom Disturbance
Under construction 0 1 0.5 0.8
In production 0.3 0.2 0.2 0


Wind farms disallow all the bottom trawl, and industrial and pelagic trawl fishing fleets. Drift and fixed nets fleets are only disallowed during construction.

Metadata

Data Source

The source of existing wind parks in The Netherlands has been updated for the Dutch EEZ according to data from the Rijkswaterstaat, retrieved on 2020-02. For the rest of the North Sea area the source is OSPAR.

Original Title

From rijkswaterstaat: Aangewezen windgebieden NWP

From OSPAR: Not available.

Description

From rijkswaterstaat: Not available.

From OSPAR: Details of the location and status of offshore renewable energy developments in the OSPAR region,

Creation Date

2017/10. Updated on 2020-02.

Methodology

The wind farms that are in operation were implemented in the energy simulation as such.

North Sea Digital Twin

The data layer 'Wind Farms - Implemented" is retrieved from Rijkswaterstaat, last updated implemented 07/2024.

In the Baltic Sea, the development of renewable energy is focused on wind farms. For the sake of allowing users to plan for different types of renewable energy in the Baltic Sea, the renewable energy accounts for wind, wave and tidal energy (see types below).

Types

At the moment in the Baltic Sea there are only 6MW wind turbines, but the following types are available for planning purposes:

  • 6MW Wind
  • 6MW Floating Wind
  • 10MW Wind
  • 3MW Wave
  • 3MW Tidal

Placement Restrictions

The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:

Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.

Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.

Error Warning
Country x
Shipping National Lane x
Fairways x
IMO Route x

Pressure on Ecology

The ecological pressures are scaled on a level from 0 to 1; with 0 meaning no pressure, and 1 meaning the maximal impact on that pressure.

State Artificial Substrate Noise Surface Disturbance Bottom Disturbance
Under construction 1 0.5 0.8
In production 0.4 0.2 0.2 0

Data Source

HELCOM HOLAS II Dataset: Wind farms (2018)

Original Title

Wind farms

Description

"The data set contains information on the location of individual turbines of the offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea area.

In addition to information on the location of the wind farms, the following information is included: Name, Country, Status (Generating power or under construction), Company, Capacity MW (whole park), number of turbines (whole park), construction year and source."

Description retrieved from HELCOM's metadata page for this resource (2021-07-19).

Creation Date

2016-04-06

Methodology

The wind farms that are in operation were implemented in the energy simulation as such.

Western Baltic Sea

The Wind Farms layer in the Western Baltic Sea Edition remains consistent with that featured in the Baltic Sea edition.

Placement Restrictions

The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:

Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.

Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.

Error Warning
Shipping route x

Types

  • 6MW

Pressure on Ecology

The ecological pressures are scaled on a level from 0 to 1; with 0 meaning no pressure, and 1 meaning the maximal impact on that pressure.

State Artificial Substrate Noise Surface Disturbance Bottom Disturbance
Under construction 0.4 0.8 0 0.6
In production 0.4 0.2 0.5 0

Metadata

Not applicable. At the moment of development of the Clyde Marine Region edition there were no wind farms in the region. This layer exists just for planning purposes.

Placement Restrictions

The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:

Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.

Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.

Error Warning
Shipping route x

Types

  • 6MW
  • 6MW floating

Pressure on Ecology

Not applicable. Pressure calculation is not present in the Adriatic Sea Edition.

Metadata

Not applicable.

At the moment of development of the Adriatic Sea edition there were no wind farms in the region. This layer exists just for planning purposes.

Placement Restrictions

The placement restrictions decide whether the overlap of spatial elements causes:

Errors - Impossible to place these layers on top of each other due to physical limitations.

Warnings - Warnings that it should be done, but won't stop the placement.

Error Warning
Countries x
Shipping route x
Ports x
Military areas x
Wind farms (already implemented) x

Types

  • 6MW
  • 6MW floating

Pressure on Ecology

Not applicable. Pressure calculation is not present (yet) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.

Metadata

Not applicable.

At the moment of development of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea edition there were no wind farms in the region. This layer exists just for planning purposes.

Retrieved from "https://knowledge.mspchallenge.info/index.php?title=Wind_Farms&oldid=5913"
This page was last edited on 9 July 2024, at 08:33. Content is available under GPLv3 unless otherwise noted.