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==Description==
==Description==
Flatfish is a group of fish characterized by their flattened bodies, which allows them to lie on the ocean floor. There are numerous species of flatfish found in oceans around the world. Flatfish are primarily bottom-dwelling fish and are commonly found in coastal and continental shelf areas. They have both eyes located on one side which allows them to rest on the ocean floor with their eyes facing upward. Flatfish are ambush predators, which means the lay still and wait for prey to pass by before striking.


==== Example species: Sole ====
=== Example species: Common Sole ([https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=127160 Solea solea]) ===
 
'''Habitat:''' Demersal <br>
'''Habitat:''' Demersal <br>
'''Main role:''' Predator <br>
'''Main role:''' Predator <br>
'''Trophic level:''' 4
'''Trophic level:''' 4


'''Diet:''' The main preys are polychaetes and meiofauna, but large specimens also eat small fish such as gobies and dragonets.
'''IUCN Red List Assessment:''' [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198739/15595369 Stable]
 
'''Threats:''' Highly commercial. Sole is mainly caught in the southern North Sea and off the Danish coast. In the English fishery, the high value of sole makes it one of the most important species targeted by inshore vessels using trawls and fixed nets. Sole is also taken as a target and by-catch species by offshore beam- and otter-trawlers and gillnetters.
 
==MSP Challenge==
 
The flatfish group includes the following species: witch, long-rough dab, flounder, lemon sole, turbot, brill, megrim, halibut, '''sole''', '''plaice''' and '''dab'''.
 
Flatfish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE).
 
Different pressures generate by human activities ([[Noise|noise]], [[Bottom Disturbace|bottom disturbance]], [[Surface Disturbance|surface disturbance]], [[Artificial Substrate|artificial substrate]]) have different, complex effects on marine species in terms of movement, survival and procreation.


Flatfish are caught by all fishing fleets, but mostly by [[Industrial and Pelagic Trawl Catch|industrial and pelagic trawl]].
'''Diet:''' The common sole primarily feed on small fish and a variety of bottom-dwelling invertebrates, including crustaceans and worms. They are opportunistic predators, meaning they eat what is available in their environment.  


'''Threats:''' The high commercial value of the Common Sole is its biggest threat. It makes it one of the most important species targeted by inshore fishing using trawls and fixed nets. The Common Sole is also both intentionally targeted and frequently caught as by-catch in offshore fishing operations.
=North Sea=
=North Sea=
   
   
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==Metadata==
==Metadata==
Not applicable.  
Flatfish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE).


Output of EwE model.
For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our [https://community.mspchallenge.info/wiki/Ecosystem_simulation_(MEL_%26_EwE) Wiki] page or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org. For detailed information on how the simulation works for the North Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "[https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss2/art21/ Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning]".  


=Baltic Sea=
=Baltic Sea=
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==Metadata==
==Metadata==
===Data Source===
===Data Source===
Enter data source for Clyde Marine Region here.
Flatfish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE).  
 
===Original Title===
 
Enter name of the layer at the source.
 
 
===Description===
Enter the description of the Clyde Marine Region dataset here.
 
===Creation Date===
yyyy-mm-dd Clyde Marine Region


===Methodology===
For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our Wiki page or visit the official EwE website at <nowiki>https://ecopath.org</nowiki>. For detailed information on how the simulation works for the Clyde Marine Region Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning".


Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge.




Revision as of 07:54, 9 October 2023

Flatfish
Layer Flatfish.png
Layer Info
Category Ecology
Sub-category Fish

Description

Flatfish is a group of fish characterized by their flattened bodies, which allows them to lie on the ocean floor. There are numerous species of flatfish found in oceans around the world. Flatfish are primarily bottom-dwelling fish and are commonly found in coastal and continental shelf areas. They have both eyes located on one side which allows them to rest on the ocean floor with their eyes facing upward. Flatfish are ambush predators, which means the lay still and wait for prey to pass by before striking.

Example species: Common Sole (Solea solea)

Habitat: Demersal
Main role: Predator
Trophic level: 4

IUCN Red List Assessment: Stable

Diet: The common sole primarily feed on small fish and a variety of bottom-dwelling invertebrates, including crustaceans and worms. They are opportunistic predators, meaning they eat what is available in their environment.

Threats: The high commercial value of the Common Sole is its biggest threat. It makes it one of the most important species targeted by inshore fishing using trawls and fixed nets. The Common Sole is also both intentionally targeted and frequently caught as by-catch in offshore fishing operations.

Types

  • Very Low Density
  • Low Density
  • Medium Density
  • High Density
  • Very High Density

Metadata

Flatfish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE).

For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our Wiki page or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org. For detailed information on how the simulation works for the North Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning".

Not applicable. This layer is not available in the MSP Challenge Baltic Sea Edition.

Types

  • Extremely Low
  • Low
  • Medium
  • High
  • Extra High

Metadata

Data Source

Flatfish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE).

For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our Wiki page or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org. For detailed information on how the simulation works for the Clyde Marine Region Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning".


Not applicable. This layer is not available in the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.

Not applicable. This layer is not available in the MSP Challenge Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.

Retrieved from "https://knowledge.mspchallenge.info/index.php?title=Flatfish&oldid=5627"
This page was last edited on 9 October 2023, at 07:54. Content is available under GPLv3 unless otherwise noted.