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{{Infobox
{{Infobox
  | title  = {{PAGENAME}}
  | title  = {{PAGENAME}}
  | image = [[File:Layer_Sprat_Biomass.png|200px]]
  | image = [[File:Layer_Sprat_Biomass.jpg|200px]]
  | headerstyle  =  background:#595958; color:#f9f9f9;
  | headerstyle  =  background:#595958; color:#f9f9f9;
  | header1 = Layer Info
  | header1 = Layer Info
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==Description==
==Description==


=
=== '''Scientific name:''' [https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126425 Sprattus sprattus] '''('''European Sprat) ===
'''Habitat:''' Pelagic


'''Main role:''' Prey


'''Trophic level:''' 3


==MSP Challenge==
'''IUCN Red List Assessment:''' [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198583/143833310 Least Concern]


'''Diet:''' They primarily feed on planktonic organisms, and additionally consume Fish Eggs and Larvae and Small Invertebrates.


Here you can add information about how the layer is implemented or used in the MSP Challenge
'''Threats:''' Highly commercial and therefore targeted by fisheries. Sprats are caught by various trawl gear and seine nets and are often preserved by smoking. Young sprats are marketed as whitebait. Nevertheless, a larger portion of the global catch is allocated for the fishmeal industry.


=North Sea=
=North Sea=
In the North Sea, the European Sprat ([https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126425 ''Sprattus sprattus'']) is a small, schooling fish species that plays a significant ecological role. It feeds on small zooplankton and is important for fish and seabirds. In the North Sea, eggs and larvae are found almost year-round. Sprat has a short life cyce, and the spawning stock is dominated by 1-2 year-old fish. Sprats primarily inhabit the pelagic zone, which means they live in the open water rather than close to the sea floor.
==Types==
 
North Sea types here
In the North Sea Edition Sprat is included in the '''Sandeel''' layer. For more information about the interaction of this layer within the MSP Challenge go to the [[Sandeel|Sandeel information page]].


==Metadata==
==Metadata==
===Data Source===
===Data Source===
Enter data source for North Sea here.
The layer "Sandeel" includes '''both [[Sandeel]] and Sprat''' for the MSP Challenge North Sea Edition. Sandeel is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE). For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our [https://community.mspchallenge.info/wiki/Ecosystem_simulation_(MEL_%26_EwE)' Wiki page] or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org.


===Original Title===
For detailed information on how the simulation works for the North Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "[https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11580-250221 Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning]".
Enter name of the layer at the North Sea source.


===Description===
=Baltic Sea=
Enter the description of the North Sea dataset here.
The Baltic Sea is home to subspecies of the European Sprat ([https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126425 ''Sprattus sprattus'']) called the Baltic Sprat (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=293743 Sprattus sprattus balticus])''. This subspecies is adapted to the lower salinity levels of the Baltic Sea and have a unique genetic profile. It feeds on small zooplankton and is important for fish and seabirds. In the North Sea, eggs and larvae are found almost year-round. During the last two decades, in the upper trophic level of the Central Baltic Sea ecosystem a shift from a cod-dominated (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=322689 Gadus morhua callarias]'') to a sprat-dominated  system [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783604001304 was observed.] This is due to the overfishing of Baltic Cod there is less predation pressure allowing their population to increase.  
 
===Creation Date===
yyyy-mm-dd North Sea
 
===Methodology===
Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge North Sea Edition.


=Baltic Sea=
In the Baltic Sea the Sprat is prey for Seals and Cod. They avoid Surface Disturbance and noise and are caught though Pelagic Catch fishing and Active Demersal Catch fishing.


==Types==
==Types==
Line 57: Line 52:
==Metadata==
==Metadata==
===Data Source===
===Data Source===
Enter data source for Baltic Sea here.
Sprat is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE). For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our [https://community.mspchallenge.info/wiki/Ecosystem_simulation_(MEL_%26_EwE)' Wiki page] or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org.
 
===Original Title===
Enter name of the layer at the Baltic Sea source.
 
===Description===
Enter the description of the Baltic Sea dataset here.
 
===Creation Date===
yyyy-mm-dd Baltic Sea
 
===Methodology===


'''Coming soon'''
For detailed information on how the simulation works for the Baltic Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335992534_Food-web_modeling_in_the_Maritime_Spatial_Planning_Challenge_Simulation_Platform_Results_from_the_Baltic_Sea_Region Foodweb modeling in the Maritime Spatial Planning Challenge Simulation Platform: Results from the Baltic Sea Region]"


=Clyde Marine Region=
=Clyde Marine Region=
 
Not applicable. This layer is not yet available in the MSP Challenge Clyde Marine Region Edition.
==Types==
Clyde Marine Region types here
 
==Metadata==
===Data Source===
Enter data source for Clyde Marine Region here.
 
===Original Title===
Enter name of the layer at the Clyde Marine Region source.
 
===Description===
Enter the description of the Clyde Marine Region dataset here.
 
===Creation Date===
yyyy-mm-dd Clyde Marine Region
 
===Methodology===
Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Clyde Marine Region Edition.


=Adriatic Sea=
=Adriatic Sea=
 
Not applicable. This layer is not yet available in the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.
==Types==
Adriatic Sea types here
 
==Metadata==
===Data Source===
Enter data source for Adriatic Sea here.
 
===Original Title===
Enter name of the layer at the Adriatic Sea source.
 
===Description===
Enter the description of the Adriatic Sea dataset here.
 
===Creation Date===
yyyy-mm-dd Adriatic Sea
 
===Methodology===
Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.


=Eastern Mediterranean Sea=
=Eastern Mediterranean Sea=
==Types==
Not applicable. This layer is not yet available in the MSP Challenge Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.<headertabs/>
Eastern Mediterranean Sea types here
==Metadata==
===Data Source===
Enter data source for Eastern Mediterranean Sea here.
===Original Title===
Enter name of the layer at the Eastern Mediterranean Sea source.
===Description===
Enter the description of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea dataset here.
===Creation Date===
yyyy-mm-dd Eastern Mediterranean Sea
===Methodology===
Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.<headertabs/>

Latest revision as of 13:15, 11 October 2023

Sprat
Layer Sprat Biomass.jpg
Layer Info
Category Ecology
Sub-category Fish

Description

Scientific name: Sprattus sprattus (European Sprat)

Habitat: Pelagic

Main role: Prey

Trophic level: 3

IUCN Red List Assessment: Least Concern

Diet: They primarily feed on planktonic organisms, and additionally consume Fish Eggs and Larvae and Small Invertebrates.

Threats: Highly commercial and therefore targeted by fisheries. Sprats are caught by various trawl gear and seine nets and are often preserved by smoking. Young sprats are marketed as whitebait. Nevertheless, a larger portion of the global catch is allocated for the fishmeal industry.

In the North Sea, the European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) is a small, schooling fish species that plays a significant ecological role. It feeds on small zooplankton and is important for fish and seabirds. In the North Sea, eggs and larvae are found almost year-round. Sprat has a short life cyce, and the spawning stock is dominated by 1-2 year-old fish. Sprats primarily inhabit the pelagic zone, which means they live in the open water rather than close to the sea floor.

In the North Sea Edition Sprat is included in the Sandeel layer. For more information about the interaction of this layer within the MSP Challenge go to the Sandeel information page.

Metadata

Data Source

The layer "Sandeel" includes both Sandeel and Sprat for the MSP Challenge North Sea Edition. Sandeel is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE). For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our Wiki page or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org.

For detailed information on how the simulation works for the North Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning".

The Baltic Sea is home to subspecies of the European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) called the Baltic Sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus). This subspecies is adapted to the lower salinity levels of the Baltic Sea and have a unique genetic profile. It feeds on small zooplankton and is important for fish and seabirds. In the North Sea, eggs and larvae are found almost year-round. During the last two decades, in the upper trophic level of the Central Baltic Sea ecosystem a shift from a cod-dominated (Gadus morhua callarias) to a sprat-dominated system was observed. This is due to the overfishing of Baltic Cod there is less predation pressure allowing their population to increase.

In the Baltic Sea the Sprat is prey for Seals and Cod. They avoid Surface Disturbance and noise and are caught though Pelagic Catch fishing and Active Demersal Catch fishing.

Types

  • Very low density
  • Low density
  • Medium density
  • High density
  • Very high density

Metadata

Data Source

Sprat is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE). For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our Wiki page or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org.

For detailed information on how the simulation works for the Baltic Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "Foodweb modeling in the Maritime Spatial Planning Challenge Simulation Platform: Results from the Baltic Sea Region"

Not applicable. This layer is not yet available in the MSP Challenge Clyde Marine Region Edition.

Not applicable. This layer is not yet available in the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.

Not applicable. This layer is not yet available in the MSP Challenge Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.

Retrieved from "https://knowledge.mspchallenge.info/index.php?title=Sprat&oldid=5705"
This page was last edited on 11 October 2023, at 13:15. Content is available under GPLv3 unless otherwise noted.