Demersal fish: Difference between revisions

Demersal fish
Layer Info
Category	Ecology
Sub-category	Fish

Latest revision as of 13:12, 11 October 2023

Description

Demersal fish is a type of fish that is primarily inhabits the lower depths of a body of water, particularly the ocean floor. The term "demersal fish" does not refer to a specific species, but rather it describes a group or category of fish based on their shared habitat preference.

These fish are adapted to life near or on the seabed, and are commonly found in coastal areas, continental shelves, and deep-sea environments. These types of fish share features that make them well-suited for this habitat, such as flattened bodies, strong pectoral fins, and specialized feeding structures. This group of species can be subdivided into 'large' and 'small' demersal fish, and includes various types of flatfish, cod, flounder, skates, and many more. Demersal fish play a crucial role in marine ecosystems as they interact with other species in the benthic (bottom-dwelling) environment.

Dogfish (NOAA)

Example species: Squalus acanthias (Spurdog)

Habitat: Demersal

Main role: Predator

Trophic level: 4,7

IUCN Red List Assessment: Vulnerable

Diet: Spurdogs are opportunistic feeders with a diverse diet. They primarily consume a variety of small fish and invertebrate, for example squid is significant part of their diet.

Threats: The most significant threat to superdogs is overfishing, as they are commercially valueble for their meat, liver oil and fins. This has lead the population to decline in some regions. They are also often caught as by-catch and are sensitive to pollution of their nursery areas where their raise their young.

Information

The following species of Demersal fish are in the North Sea Edition: Whiting (Merlangius merlangus), Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), Saithe (Pollachius virens), Spurdog (Squalus acanthias), Small Sharks, Hake, Monkfish (Lophius piscatorius), Catfish (Silurus glanis) and Juvenile Shark which could refer to several species found in the North Sea but an example is the Lesser Spotted Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula).

The Demersal fish in the North Sea Edition mainly prey on Sandeel and Herring, but also Mackerel, Flatfish, Cod and other Demersal Fish. When they are young their diet mainly consists of Benthic Invertebrates, however as they grow older, they become important prey for Seals, Cetaceans and Windfarm indifferent seabirds. Demersal fish avoid both Noise and Bottom Disturbance and are caught through Bottom Trawl fishing.

Types

Very Low Density
Low Density
Medium Density
High Density
Very High Density

Metadata

Data Source

Demersal fish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE). For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our Wiki page or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org.

For detailed information on how the simulation works for the North Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called "Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning".

Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Baltic Sea Edition.

Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Clyde Marine Region Edition.

Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.

Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ==Description==
+Demersal fish is a type of fish that is primarily inhabits the lower depths of a body of water, particularly the ocean floor. The term "demersal fish" does not refer to a specific species, but rather it describes a group or category of fish based on their shared habitat preference.
-==== Small demersal fish ====
-===== Example species: Grey gurnard =====
+These fish are adapted to life near or on the seabed, and are commonly found in coastal areas, continental shelves, and deep-sea environments. These types of fish share features that make them well-suited for this habitat, such as flattened bodies, strong pectoral fins, and specialized feeding structures. This group of species can be subdivided into 'large' and 'small' demersal fish, and includes various types of flatfish, cod, flounder, skates, and many more. Demersal fish play a crucial role in marine ecosystems as they interact with other species in the benthic (bottom-dwelling) environment.
+=North Sea=
-'''Habitat:''' Demersal <br>
+[[File:Dog fish NOAA.png|thumb|Dogfish ([https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/atlantic-spiny-dogfish NOAA])]]
-'''Main role:''' Predator <br>
-'''Trophic level:''' 4,5
-'''Diet:''' Juveniles feed on a variety of crustaceans. The diet of older specimens consists mainly of juvenile fish.
-'''Threats:''' Grey gurnards are of lesser commercial importance, and are mostly caught as bycatch for other flatfish.
-<br>
-==== Large demersal fish ====
-===== Example species: Thornback ray =====
+=== '''Example species:'''  ''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105923 Squalus acanthias]'' (Spurdog) ===
+'''Habitat:''' Demersal
-Habitat: Demersal<br>
-Main role: Predator<br>
-Trophic level: 3,8
-'''Diet:''' This ray feeds on fish and invertebrates.
+'''Main role:''' Predator
-'''Threats:''' Of commercial interest and near threatened according to IUCN red list. The thornback ray is often caught as bycatch by trawl and gillnets.
+'''Trophic level:''' 4,7
-==MSP Challenge==
+'''IUCN Red List Assessment:''' [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/91209505/124551959 Vulnerable]
+'''Diet:''' Spurdogs are opportunistic feeders with a diverse diet. They primarily consume a variety of small fish and invertebrate, for example squid is significant part of their diet.
-The small demersal fish group includes the following species: eelpout, shorthorn sculpin, Vahls’s eelpout, longspined bullhead, hooknose, common seasnail, greater weever, lesser weaver, snake blenny, striped red mullet, solenette, thickback sole, mediterranean scaldfish, argentine, dragonet, piper gurnard, red gurnard and '''grey gurnard'''.
-The large demersal fish group includes the following species: rabbit fish, John Dory, sea trout, Norway red fish, Bluemouth, roundnose grenadier, starry ray, spotted ray , Common skate, cuckoo ray and '''thornback ray'''.
+'''Threats:''' The most significant threat to superdogs is overfishing, as they are commercially valueble for their meat, liver oil and fins. This has lead the population to decline in some regions. They are also often caught as by-catch and are sensitive to pollution of their nursery areas where their raise their young.
-Demersal fish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE).
+== Information ==
+The following species of Demersal fish are in the North Sea Edition: Whiting (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126438 Merlangius merlangus]''), Haddock (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126437 Melanogrammus aeglefinus]''), Saithe (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126441 Pollachius virens]''), Spurdog (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105923 Squalus acanthias]''), Small Sharks, Hake, Monkfish (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=126555 Lophius piscatorius])'', Catfish (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154677 Silurus glanis])'' and Juvenile Shark which could refer to several species found in the North Sea but an example is the Lesser Spotted Dogfish (''[https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105814 Scyliorhinus canicula]).''
-Different pressures generate by human activities ([[Noise|noise]], [[Bottom Disturbace|bottom disturbance]], [[Surface Disturbance|surface disturbance]], [[Artificial Substrate|artificial substrate]]) have different, complex effects on marine species in terms of movement, survival and procreation.
+The Demersal fish in the North Sea Edition mainly prey on [[Sandeel]] and [[Herring]], but also [[Mackerel]], [[Flatfish]], [[Cod]] and other Demersal Fish. When they are young their diet mainly consists of [[Benthic invertebrates|Benthic Invertebrates]], however as they grow older, they become important prey for [[Seal|Seals]], [[Cetacean|Cetaceans]] and [[Windfarm indifferent seabird|Windfarm indifferent seabirds]]. Demersal fish avoid both [[Noise]] and [[Bottom Disturbance]] and are caught through [[Bottom Trawl Catch|Bottom Trawl]] fishing.
-Demersal fish are caught by all fishing fleets, but mostly by [[Bottom Trawl Catch|bottom trawl]].
-=North Sea=
 ==Types==
 * Very Low Density
@@ Line 67: / Line 47: @@
 ==Metadata==
 ===Data Source===
-Enter data source for North Sea here.
+Demersal fish is a month-by-month, computer generated data layer following calculations made by the ecosystem simulation (EwE).  For more information on how Ecopath-with-Ecosim (EwE) works, please visit our [https://community.mspchallenge.info/wiki/Ecosystem_simulation_(MEL_%26_EwE) Wiki] page or visit the official EwE website at https://ecopath.org.
-===Original Title===
+For detailed information on how the simulation works for the North Sea Edition, we recommend further exploring our research publication called [https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss2/art21/ "Combining ecosystem modeling with serious gaming in support of transboundary maritime spatial planning".]
-Enter name of the layer at the North Sea source.
-===Description===
-Enter the description of the North Sea dataset here.
-===Creation Date===
-yyyy-mm-dd North Sea
-===Methodology===
-Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge North Sea Edition.
 =Baltic Sea=
+Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Baltic Sea Edition.
-==Types==
-Baltic Sea types here
-==Metadata==
-===Data Source===
-Enter data source for Baltic Sea here.
-===Original Title===
-Enter name of the layer at the Baltic Sea source.
-===Description===
-Enter the description of the Baltic Sea dataset here.
-===Creation Date===
-yyyy-mm-dd Baltic Sea
-===Methodology===
-Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Baltic Sea Edition.
 =Clyde Marine Region=
+Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Clyde Marine Region Edition.
-==Types==
-Clyde Marine Region types here
-==Metadata==
-===Data Source===
-Enter data source for Clyde Marine Region here.
-===Original Title===
-Enter name of the layer at the Clyde Marine Region source.
-===Description===
-Enter the description of the Clyde Marine Region dataset here.
-===Creation Date===
-yyyy-mm-dd Clyde Marine Region
-===Methodology===
-Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Clyde Marine Region Edition.
 =Adriatic Sea=
+Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.
-==Types==
-Adriatic Sea types here
-==Metadata==
-===Data Source===
-Enter data source for Adriatic Sea here.
-===Original Title===
-Enter name of the layer at the Adriatic Sea source.
-===Description===
-Enter the description of the Adriatic Sea dataset here.
-===Creation Date===
-yyyy-mm-dd Adriatic Sea
-===Methodology===
-Enter here how the layer was prepared to be integrated into the MSP Challenge Adriatic Sea Edition.
 =Eastern Mediterranean Sea=
-Not applicable. This layer is not available in the MSP Challenge Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.<headertabs/>
+Not applicable. This layer is currently not integrated into the MSP Challenge Eastern Mediterranean Sea Edition.<headertabs/>