| title = Demersal fish ==== Small demersal fish ====

...rly the ocean floor. The term "demersal fish" does not refer to a specific species, but rather it describes a group or category of fish based on their shared ...fish play a crucial role in marine ecosystems as they interact with other species in the benthic (bottom-dwelling) environment.

| header12 = Affected Species | data15 = [[(NS/Biomass)Demersal Predators|Demersal Predators]]

==== Example species: Sole ==== '''Habitat:''' Demersal <br>

The Drift and Fixed Nets fleet catches numerous of the larger species, including: * [[(NS)Demersal fish|Demersal fish]]

Nephrops trawls use low demersal nets that they tow on the seabed, with the mouth held open by a pair of ott [https://www.seafish.org/responsible-sourcing/fishing-gear-database/gear/demersal-trawl-nephrops-trawl/ Seafish. (n.d.). www.seafish.org] accessed on 2022-04

The Bottom Trawl fleet mostly catches the following species: * [[(NS)Demersal fish|Demersal fish]]

...the industrial trawl. This method of fishing allows targeting the desired species and size, with reduced by-catch and discard, so this fleet has a lower ecos ...e North Sea, the Drift and Fixed Nets fleet catches numerous of the larger species, including:

...mersal fleets is more dense or less dense. The fleets considered as active demersal are the ones using trawling of nets on or close to the sea floor. ...tion. This fleet doesn't fish in areas that are [[protected against active demersal fleet]].

...in towing a fishing net along the sea floor to catch fish or other marine species. Bottom trawling can be contrasted with midwater trawling (also known as [[ In the North Sea the Bottom Trawl fleet mostly catches the following species:

...ed bodies, which allows them to lie on the ocean floor. There are numerous species of flatfish found in oceans around the world. Flatfish are primarily bottom === Example species: Common Sole ([https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1271

'''IUCN Red List Assessment:''' [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8784/12931575 Vulnerable] ...od are opportunistic feeders, and their diet consists of a variety of fish species, as well as squid and crabs.

...to ensure the long-term survival of Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats, listed under both the Birds Directive and the Habitats Direct |Demersal||0,072||0,001||0,003

...to ensure the long-term survival of Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats, listed under both the Birds Directive and the Habitats Direct |Demersal||0,072||0,001||0,003

'''Habitat:''' Demersal <br> '''IUCN Red List Assessment:''' [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18155960/44738727 Data Deficient]

...ubstrate|artificial substrate]]) have different, complex effects on marine species in terms of movement, survival and procreation. ...es are a source of food for a large number of fish (notably flatfish, cod, demersal fish), crabs and seabirds.

...to ensure the long-term survival of Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats, listed under both the Birds Directive and the Habitats Direct |Demersal||0,072||0,001||0,003

...and feed mainly on copepods. At a size of approximately 7 cm they adopt a demersal way of life with a diet that initially comprised of crustaceans. As they gr ...ubstrate|artificial substrate]]) have different, complex effects on marine species in terms of movement, survival and procreation.

'''IUCN Red List Assessment:''' [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/155123/4717767 Least Concern] ...ng. Herring is a keystone species in the Nort Sea as they are a vital prey species for larger predators such as cod, seabirds and marine mammals.

...stantial size, and strictly carnivorous diet. There are over 80 recognized species of cetaceans, this includes the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale. ...veling long distances between feeding and breeding grounds. Often cetacean species are highly social and live pods or schools. These groups can range in size